User Acceptance of Biometric Recognition Technology in Bangladeshi Higher Education Institutions: An Extended UTAUT2 Approach

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53799/75hfc781

Keywords:

Behavioral Intention, Biometric Recognition, Higher Education Institutions, Perceived Security and Privacy, Trust in Management

Abstract

Biometric recognition technology is increasingly being adopted in higher education institutions to enhance access control, attendance management, and examination security. But limited empirical studies are available on the user acceptance of such systems in the context of developing countries especially in Bangladesh. This study investigates factors influencing user acceptance of biometric systems in higher education by expanding the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model to incorporate the factors of perceived security, privacy and trust in management. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted for collecting data from 266 students, faculty and administrative staff members of Bangladeshi higher education institutions and analyzed by Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the total variance explained by these four factors is 83.6%: price value (β = 0.358, p < 0.001), perceived security and privacy (β = 0.309, p < 0.001), performance expectancy (β = 0.141, p < 0.01), and trust in management (β = 0.148, p < 0.05). Effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions had non-significant direct impacts but had strong zero-order correlations (r = 0.765, 0.743 and 0.731, respectively), which indicate that these influences are mediated by other constructs, in particular security, privacy and value perceptions. Behavioral intention itself is a significant predictor of usage behavior with a strong correlation (β = 0.619, p < 0.001). The results highlight the relevance of perceived value, data security, and institutional trust for the adoption of biometric technology, providing some practical implications for both university administrators and policy makers. 

Author Biographies

  • Mustakim Ahmed, American International University-Bangladesh

    Mustakim Ahmed is an Instructor in the Faculty of Science and Technology at the American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB). He completed his B.Sc. in Computer Science from AIUB, with a major in Information Systems, and is currently pursuing his M.Sc. in Data Science at the same institution. His academic and research interests include Data Mining, Knowledge Discovery, Intelligent Systems, and Human-Computer Interaction.

  • Ziarat Hossain Khan, American International University-Bangladesh

    Dr. Ziarat Hossain Khan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Operations and Supply Chain Management at the American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), where he also serves as Deputy Director of Student Service and Welfare. He earned his PhD in Supply Chain Management from Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia, with a focus on technology adoption in the RMG sector. He holds a BBA in Management Information Systems and an MBA in Marketing from AIUB, graduating Cum Laude in both. His research interests include Supply Chain Management, Information Systems, Technology Adoption, and Marketing. Dr. Khan has been a faculty member at AIUB since 2006, has participated in international exchange programs at the University of Gävle, Sweden, and was a U.S. Department of State IVLP participant. He has also held key administrative roles and has been actively involved in student mentorship and international collaboration programs.

References

[1] J. P. Isaac Necochea-Chamorro et al., “Systematic Literature Review: Biometric Technology Applied to Educational Institutions,” TEM Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 570–580, 2024, doi: 10.18421/TEM131-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM131-60

[2] M. Rukhiran, S. Wong-In, and P. Netinant, “User Acceptance Factors Related to Biometric Recognition Technologies of Examination Attendance in Higher Education: TAM Model,” Sustainability 2023, Vol. 15, Page 3092, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 3092, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3390/SU15043092. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043092

[3] N. Sultana and T. Akter, “IoT biometric technology adoption in higher education: a TRAM-based analysis of users and non-users in Bangladesh,” Discover Internet of Things 2025 5:1, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 111-, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.1007/S43926-025-00204-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43926-025-00204-7

[4] L. Xue, A. M. Rashid, and S. Ouyang, “The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) in Higher Education: A Systematic Review,” Sage Open, vol. 14, no. 1, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1177/21582440241229570; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241229570

[5] “Impact of perceived privacy and security in the TAM model: The behavioral intention to use face recognition,” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100314

[6] T. Yu, A. P. Teoh, C. Wang, and Q. Bian, “Convenient or risky? Investigating the behavioral intention to use facial recognition payment in smart hospitals,” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2024 11:1, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1592-, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1057/s41599-024-03910-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03910-9

[7] “Biometric Identification Technologies: Considerations to Address Information Gaps and Other Stakeholder Concerns | U.S. GAO.” Accessed: May 09, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-24-106293?utm_source

[8] H. Zheng, F. Han, Y. Huang, Y. Wu, and X. Wu, “Factors influencing behavioral intention to use e-learning in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analytic review based on the UTAUT2 model,” Educ. Inf. Technol. (Dordr)., vol. 30, pp. 12015–12053, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10639-024-13299-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13299-2

[9] B. G. Acosta-Enriquez et al., “Acceptance of artificial intelligence in university contexts: A conceptual analysis based on UTAUT2 theory,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 19, p. e38315, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38315

[10] G. Zacharis and K. Nikolopoulou, “Factors predicting University students’ behavioral intention to use eLearning platforms in the post-pandemic normal: an UTAUT2 approach with ‘Learning Value,’” Education and Information Technologies 2022 27:9, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 12065–12082, May 2022, doi: 10.1007/S10639-022-11116-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11116-2

[11] C. Zarco, J. Giráldez-Cru, O. Cordón, and F. Liébana-Cabanillas, “A comprehensive view of biometric payment in retailing: A complete study from user to expert,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 79, p. 103789, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2024.103789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103789

[12] Y. Zhang, “Impact of perceived privacy and security in the TAM model: The perceived trust as the mediated factors,” International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 100270, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1016/J.JJIMEI.2024.100270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100270

[13] S. Xu, K. I. Khan, and M. F. Shahzad, “Examining the influence of technological self-efficacy, perceived trust, security, and electronic word of mouth on ICT usage in the education sector,” Scientific Reports 2024 14:1, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 16196-, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66689-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66689-4

[14] V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, “User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward A Unified View1,” Management Information Systems Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 425–478, Sep. 2003, doi: 10.2307/30036540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540

[15] V. Venkatesh, J. Y. L. Thong, and X. Xu, “Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology1,” Management Information Systems Quarterly, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 157–178, Mar. 2012, doi: 10.2307/41410412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412

[16] “D. Barclay, C. Higgins and R. Thompson, ‘The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Causal Modelling Personal Computer Adoption and Use as an Illustration,’ Technology Studies, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1995, pp. 285-309.

[17] J. F. Hair, M. Sarstedt, L. Hopkins, and V. G. Kuppelwieser, “Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)An emerging tool in business research,” European Business Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 106–121, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128

[18] F. D. Davis, R. P. Bagozzi, and P. R. Warshaw, “User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models,” Manage. Sci., vol. 35, pp. 982–1003, Aug. 1989, doi: 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982

[19] L. O. A. Wahid, L. O. A. Wahid, and A. R. Pratama, “Factors influencing smartphone owners’ acceptance of Biometric Authentication methods,” ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 91–98, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.33096/ilkom.v14i2.1114.91-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33096/ilkom.v14i2.1114.91-98

[20] M. A. Noori and M. N. Jailani, “BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE IN MOBILE BANKING IN IRAQ,” vol. 20, pp. 3004–3019, 2022, doi: 10.14704/nq.2022.20.7.NQ33378.

[21] J. Wayman, A. Jain, D. Maltoni, and D. Maio, Biometric Systems. Springer London, 2005. doi: 10.1007/b138151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b138151

[22] J. F. Hair Jr., G. T. M. Hult, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

[23] C. M. Ringle, S. Wende, and J.-M. Becker, “SmartPLS 4,” SmartPLS GmbH, Bönningstedt, 2024. Available: https://www.smartpls.com/

[24] C. Fornell and D. F. Larcker, “Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error,” Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 39–50, Feb. 1981, doi: 10.1177/002224378101800104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

[25] J. Henseler, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, “A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling,” J. Acad. Mark. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 115–135, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

[26] M. H. Khan, N. A. Mustaffa, and M. Habib, "Users Acceptance of Mobile Finance Service in Bangladesh and the impact of COVID-19: Extended UTAUT2," AJSE, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 87–96, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.53799/ajse.v20i3.193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v20i3.193

[27] S. M. H. Khan, N. A. Mustaffa, and M. M. Habib, "Online Education in HEIs in Bangladesh moderated by COVID-19: Modified UTAUT2," AJSE, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 133–141, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.53799/ajse.v20i4.197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v20i4.197

[28] M. H. Khan, N. A. Mustaffa, and M. Zulkifli, "DSC Index: Measuring the Digital Supply Chain Practice among the Higher Education Institutions Community in Least Developed Countries," AJSE, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 279–286, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.53799/ajse.v22i3.886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v22i3.886

[29] M. H. Miraz, F. Saleheen, S. M. H. Khan, and M. Rahman, "ICT Integration in Management for Public Educational Institutions in Bangladesh," Open J. Adv. Bus. Manag., vol. 1, pp. 01–10, 2016.

[30] M. H. Khan, N. A. Mustaffa, and M. M. Habib, "The Effect of ICT & Digital Supply Chain (DSC) in Higher Education Institutions," Int. J. Sup. Chain. Mgt., vol. 10, no. 4, p. 16, 2021

Downloads

Published

30-10-2026

Issue

Vol. 25 No. 2 (2026): AJSE Volume 25 Issue 2

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

AJSE contents are under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This permits anyone to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work non-commercially provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.

How to Cite

[1]
“User Acceptance of Biometric Recognition Technology in Bangladeshi Higher Education Institutions: An Extended UTAUT2 Approach”, AJSE, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 188–198, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.53799/75hfc781.

Most read articles by the same author(s)