Modeling and Economic Assessment of an Agricultural Microgrid: A Comparative Analysis
Main Article Content
Abstract
Sustainable energy resources are essential to meet the world's growing population and extending energy demands. Among the potential solutions, incorporating renewable energy sources into hybrid energy systems holds a lot of opportunities. This paper presents a design and economic analysis for an off-grid microgrid intending to power agricultural loads. Solar resources and PV-inverter system were modeled using pvlib
-python, while the remainder of the microgrid, including the battery energy storage system (BESS) and biogas-based generator (BGG), was modeled and simulated using a custom dispatch method. The same system was modeled in Homer as well, and the outcomes of the designed microgrid were compared. When compared to Homer, the proposed approach reduced life cycle cost (LCC), and leveliz ed cost of energy (LCOE) by 25%, and 20%, and emissions by 85%. In terms of generation, the proposed strategy reduced PV production by 20%, BGG output by 85%, and unmet load and surplus energy by 14% and 65%, respectively. The study additionally addressed an in-depth approach to modeling PV using various data sources and the associated modules and
functionalities.
-python, while the remainder of the microgrid, including the battery energy storage system (BESS) and biogas-based generator (BGG), was modeled and simulated using a custom dispatch method. The same system was modeled in Homer as well, and the outcomes of the designed microgrid were compared. When compared to Homer, the proposed approach reduced life cycle cost (LCC), and leveliz ed cost of energy (LCOE) by 25%, and 20%, and emissions by 85%. In terms of generation, the proposed strategy reduced PV production by 20%, BGG output by 85%, and unmet load and surplus energy by 14% and 65%, respectively. The study additionally addressed an in-depth approach to modeling PV using various data sources and the associated modules and
functionalities.
Article Details
How to Cite
[1]
S. Hasan, M. R. Hazari, E. Jahan, and M. A. Mannan, “Modeling and Economic Assessment of an Agricultural Microgrid: A Comparative Analysis”, AJSE, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 250 - 257, Dec. 2023.
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AJSE contents are under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This permits anyone to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the worknon-commercially provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
References
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[19] P. Malik, M. Awasthi, and S. Sinha, “Study of grid integrated biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems for Himalayan terrain,” International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, vol. 28, pp. 71–88, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.5278/IJSEPM.3674.
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[25] A. Haryanto et al., “Effect of load on the performance of a family scale biogas-fuelled electricity generator,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Nov. 2019, vol. 355, no. 1, p. 012078. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/355/1/012078.
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[2] D. M. Mahmud, S. M. M. Ahmed, S. Hasan, and M. Zeyad, “Grid-connected microgrid: design and feasibility analysis for a local community in Bangladesh,” Clean Energy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 447–459, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1093/ce/zkac022.
[3] “Homer Pro 3.14.” https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/3.14/index.html (accessed Feb. 04, 2023).
[4] D. M. Mahmud, S. Hasan, S. M. M. Ahmed, and M. Zeyad, “Techno Economic Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Microgrid by Using Solar PV for Residential Usage,” IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference, R10-HTC, vol. 2021-September, 2021, doi: 10.1109/R10-HTC53172.2021.9641732.
[5] M. K. Islam, J. M. Akanto, M. Zeyad, and S. M. M. Ahmed, “Optimization of Microgrid System for Community Electrification by using HOMER Pro,” IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference, R10-HTC, vol. 2021-September, 2021, doi: 10.1109/R10-HTC53172.2021.9641615.
[6] S. Hasan et al., “Centralized Microgrid: Agricultural Load in Rural Areas of Bangladesh,” 2021 International Conference on Computational Performance Evaluation, ComPE 2021, pp. 939–943, 2021, doi: 10.1109/COMPE53109.2021.9752129.
[7] M. Zeyad, S. M. M. Ahmed, S. Hasan, E. Hossain, and Md. S. T. Anubhove, “Economic Feasibility Analysis of a Designed Poultry Farming Zone with Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh,” in 2022 Global Energy Conference (GEC), Oct. 2022, pp. 75–79. doi: 10.1109/GEC55014.2022.9986830.
[8] Md. F. Ishraque, Sk. A. Shezan, J. N. Nur, and Md. S. Islam, “Optimal Sizing and Assessment of an Islanded Photovoltaic-Battery-Diesel Generator Microgrid Applicable to a Remote School of Bangladesh,” Engineering Reports, vol. 3, no. 1, p. e12281, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1002/ENG2.12281.
[9] M. F. Ishraque, M. S. Hussain, M. S. Rana, M. H. Karim Roni, and S. A. Shezan, “Design and Assessment of a Standalone Hybrid Mode Microgrid for the Rohingya Refugees Using Load Following Dispatch Strategy,” ICDRET 2021 - 6th International Conference on Development in Renewable Energy Technology, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICDRET54330.2021.9751791.
[10] S. Islam et al., “Potential Reduction in CO 2 Emission by Heat Pump System in Bangladesh,” in 2021 International Conference on Computational Performance Evaluation (ComPE), Dec. 2021, pp. 121–127. doi: 10.1109/ComPE53109.2021.9751946.
[11] S. K. A. Shezan, S. S. Ali, Z. Rahman, and Rawdah, “Design and implementation of an islanded hybrid microgrid system for a large resort center for Penang Island with the proper application of excess energy,” Environ Prog Sustain Energy, vol. 40, no. 4, p. e13584, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1002/EP.13584.
[12] S. K. A. Shezan, “Optimization and assessment of an off-grid photovoltaic–diesel–battery hybrid sustainable energy system for remote residential applications,” Environ Prog Sustain Energy, vol. 38, no. 6, p. e13340, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1002/EP.13340.
[13] W. F. Holmgren, C. W. Hansen, and M. A. Mikofski, “pvlib python: a python package for modeling solar energy systems,” J Open Source Softw, vol. 3, no. 29, p. 884, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.21105/JOSS.00884.
[14] W. F. Holmgren, A. T. Lorenzo, and C. Hansen, “A Comparison of PV Power Forecasts Using PVLib-Python,” in 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), Jun. 2017, pp. 1127–1131. doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366724.
[15] S. M. Nambiar, R. Karan, A. Jain, K. Chaturvedi, and M. Kumar Hota, “Comparison of sun-tracking and fixed solar panel data with Python’s PVLib classes,” in 2021 4th International Conference on Recent Trends in Computer Science and Technology (ICRTCST), Feb. 2022, pp. 6–11. doi: 10.1109/ICRTCST54752.2022.9781934.
[16] J. R. Angulo, L. A. Conde, E. Muñoz, J. de la Casa, and J. A. Töfflinger, “PV generator nominal power estimation using a ground sensor and the PVLIB online irradiance database,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 2180, no. 1, p. 012005, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2180/1/012005.
[17] S. Khari, A. I. Ismail, H. I. Lokman, and S. Shivan, “Power loss calculation of Photovoltaics using Python,” Computers and Informatics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 74–82, 2021.
[18] A. Perna, E. K. Grubbs, R. Agrawal, and P. Bermel, “Design Considerations for Agrophotovoltaic Systems: Maintaining PV Area with Increased Crop Yield,” in 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Jun. 2019, pp. 0668–0672. doi: 10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8981324.
[19] P. Malik, M. Awasthi, and S. Sinha, “Study of grid integrated biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems for Himalayan terrain,” International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, vol. 28, pp. 71–88, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.5278/IJSEPM.3674.
[20] “How HOMER Calculates the Radiation Incident on the PV Array.” https://www.homerenergy.com/products/pro/docs/3.14/how_homer_calculates_the_radiation_incident_on_the_pv_array.html (accessed Feb. 04, 2023).
[21] “pvlib.irradiance.erbs — pvlib python 0.9.0+0.g518cc35.dirty documentation.” https://pvlib-python.readthedocs.io/en/v0.9.0/generated/pvlib.irradiance.erbs.html (accessed Mar. 20, 2023).
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[24] C. K. Das, M. A. Ehsan, M. A. Kader, M. J. Alam, and G. M. Shafiullah, “A practical biogas based energy neutral home system for rural communities of Bangladesh,” Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 023101, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1063/1.4942783.
[25] A. Haryanto et al., “Effect of load on the performance of a family scale biogas-fuelled electricity generator,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Nov. 2019, vol. 355, no. 1, p. 012078. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/355/1/012078.
[26] “NASA POWER | Data Access Viewer.” https://power.larc.nasa.gov/data-access-viewer/ (accessed Apr. 10, 2022).
[27] M. A. A. Mamun, M. R. Sarkar, M. Parvez, Mst. J. Nahar, and Md. S. Rana, “Determining the optimum tilt angle and orientation for photovoltaic (PV) systems in Bangladesh,” in 2017 2nd International Conference on Electrical & Electronic Engineering (ICEEE), Dec. 2017, pp. 1–4. doi: 10.1109/CEEE.2017.8412910.