Datalogger prototyping for NH3 ground concentrations measures and comparison with NH3-IASI generated datamaps
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) gas is dangerous as it is highly toxic and irritating and so, causes severe burning of the eyes and respiratory problems (throat and lung damages) when inhaled in high concentrations. It is a colorless gas, with a strong suffocating odor. It is also a flammable gas (and may form an explosive mixture with air, when heated), and can dissolve in water to form ammonium hydroxide solution, a highly corrosive agent for any metallic based structures like bridges, boats, water tanks, etc… It can also react with other atmospheric pollutants, primarily SO2 and NOx, generating fine particulate matter which can pass through the lungs in blood. In the other hand, it is considered as an industrial useful hydrogen carrier of energy, and an additive to coal-fired power plants, and is slowly shifting from its natural use as fertilizer for agricultural industry to a “green and clean” fuel source. In this article, we describe in detail the use of an electrochemical sensor driven by a microcontroller. The principle of the measurement system is a chemical oxidation of catalyst metals, where conductivity varies with the target gas concentration. Mathematical calculations are also provided to convert the 10-bit numerical counts to meaningful NH3 concentrations in ppm, taking into account the temperature dependency correction.
Article Details
How to Cite
[1]
N. Benabadji, F. Rahal, and I. N. Menakh, “Datalogger prototyping for NH3 ground concentrations measures and comparison with NH3-IASI generated datamaps”, AJSE, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 177 - 185, Aug. 2024.
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References
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[38] Rim-Rukeh, A. (2014), An assessment of the contribution of municipal solid waste dump sites fire to atmospheric pollution, Open Journal of Air Pollution, 3(03), 53, doi.org/10.4236/ojap.2014.33006
[39] Rui Wang, Da Pan, Xuehui Guo, Kang Sun, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Melissa Puchalski, and Mark A. Zondlo, Bridging the spatial gaps of the Ammonia Monitoring Network using satellite ammonia measurements, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-190, 2023
[40] Warner, J. X., Wei, Z., Larrabee Strow, L., Dickerson, R. R., and Nowak, J. B., The global tropospheric ammonia distribution as seen in the 13-year AIRS measurement record, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5467–5479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp16-5467-2016, 2016
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https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd5e0
[42] The European Space Agency, Satellite sensor maps global atmospheric ammonia emissions, 07/07/2009,
https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Satellite_sensor_maps_global_atmospheric_ammonia_emissions
[43] Schiferl, L. D., Heald, C. L., Damme, M. van, Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P., Nowak, J. B., Neuman, J. A., Herndon, S. C., Roscioli, J. R., and Eilerman, S. J, Interannual variability of ammonia concentrations over the United States : sources and implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12305–12328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12305-2016, 2016
[2] Farren N.J., Davison J., Rose R.A., Wagner R.L., Carslaw D.C. Underestimated ammonia emissions from road vehicles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020;54:15689–15697. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05839
[3] Sun K., Tao L., Miller D.J., Pan D., Golston L.M., Zondlo M.A., Griffin R.J., Wallace H.W., Leong Y.J., Yang M.M., et al. Vehicle emissions as an important urban ammonia source in the United States and China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017;51:2472–2481. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02805
[4] E. G. Snyder, T. H. Watkins, P. A. Solomon, E. D. Thoma, R. W. Williams, G. S. Hagler and P. W. Preuss, The changing paradigm of air pollution monitoring, Environmental science & technology, Vol. 47, No 20, pp. 11369-11377, 2013, doi:10.1021/es4022602
[5] P. Das, S. Ghosh, S. Chatterjee, and S. De, A Low Cost Outdoor Air Pollution Monitoring Device with Power Controlled Built-In PM Sensor, IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 22, No 13, pp. 13682 – 13695, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3175821
[6] International Energy Agency. World Balance: IEA Sankey Diagram. 2017
https://www.iea.org/Sankey/.
[7] M. Viana, J. Pey, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, F. De Leeuw, and A. Lükewille, Natural sources of atmospheric aerosols influencing air quality across Europe, Science of the total environment, Vol. 472, pp. 825-833, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.140.
[8] W. Knorr, F. Dentener, J. F. Lamarque, L. Jiang and A. Arneth, Wildfire air pollution hazard during the 21st century, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, No 14, p. 9223-9236, 2017, doi: 10.5194/acp-17-9223-2017
[9] J. Mouly, S. Damianos & P. Delbos, Gas and particle sensors: technology and market trends, Market & Technology Report Ref. YINTR21178, Yole Developpement, 2021,
https://s3.i-micronews.com/uploads/2021/07/YINTR21178-Gas-and-Particle-Sensors-Technology-and-Market-Trends-2021-Flyer-Yole.pdf
[10] S. Dhall, B.R. Mehta, A.K. Tyagi,K. Sood, A review on environmental gas sensors: Materials and technologies, Sensors International (Open access), Volume 2, 100116, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100116
[11] Kwak, D.; Lei, Y.; Maric, R. Ammonia gas sensors: A comprehensive review. Talanta 2019 , 204, 713–730.
[12] Bielecki, Z.; Stacewicz, T.; Smulko, J.; Wojtas, J. Ammonia Gas Sensors: Comparison of Solid-State and Optical Methods. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155111
[13] Global Ammonia (NH3) Gas Sensor Market By Type (Fixed Mount Type, Portable Type), By Application (Agriculture, Commercial), By Geographic Scope And Forecast, Verified Market Reports website, report ID: 108448 ; 220+ pages ; Dec. 2022.
https://www.verifiedmarketreports.com/product/global-ammonia-nh3-gas-sensor-market-2019-by-manufacturers-regions-type-and-application-forecast-to-2024/
[14] MQ-135 sensor datasheet, Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Co. Ltd, Version 1.4, Valid from: 2015-03-10,
https://www.winsen-sensor.com/d/files/PDF/Semiconductor%20Gas%20Sensor/MQ135%20(Ver1.4)%20-%20Manual.pdf
[15] HDC1080 Low Power, High Accuracy Digital Humidity and Temperature Sensors, Texas Instruments, SNAS672A, 2016,
https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/hdc1080.pdf?ts=1685791280117&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F
[16] DS39881E datasheet: PIC24FJ64GA004 family 28/44 pin general purpose 16-bit flash microcontrollers, Microchip Technology Inc., May 2013,
https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/39881e.pdf
[17] XC6206 series: Low ESR Cap. Compatible Positive Voltage Regulators, Torex Semiconductor Ltd, ETR03005-008a, https://product.torexsemi.com/system/files/series/xc6206.pdf
[18] ME2108A DC/DC Step-Up Converter Series, Nanjing Micro One Electronics Inc., Datasheet Version 07,
https://datasheet.lcsc.com/szlcsc/Nanjing-Micro-One-Elec-ME2108A33M3G_C236804.pdf
[19] IRF9310 datasheet: HEXFET Power P-mosfet, International Rectifier, PD-97437A, 2010,
https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-IRF9310-DataSheet-v01_01-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a4015356110a7d1d95
[20] Sylvie TISSOT, Annick PICHARD, Seuils de toxicité aigue Ammoniac NH3, Ministère de l’Ecologie et du Développement durable, Rapport final, INERIS, p.8/41, Aout 2003
https://substances.ineris.fr/fr/substance/getDocument/2632
[21] ECMWF database, Copernicus Climate Change Service Information, 1991-2021, Last refresh May 2022, https://fr.climate-data.org/afrique/algerie/oran/oran-540/
[22] Monthly summaries of precipitation, relative humidity and soil moisture, COPERNICUS Climate Change Service,
https://climate.copernicus.eu/monthly-summaries-precipitation-relative-humidity-and-soil-moisture
[23] DS3231 Extremely Accurate I2C-Integrated RTC/TCXO/Crystal, Maxim Integrated Products Inc, 2015,19-5170 Rev 10,
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS3231.pdf
[24] 24C32 datasheet : 2-Wire Serial EEPROM 32kbit (4096x8), Atmel/Microchip Technology Inc., 2003,
https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/doc0336.pdf
[25] B. Baker, Low-power operation is a state of mind, EDN Electronic Design Network, AspenCore Network, 2003
https://www.edn.com/low-power-operation-is-a-state-of-mind/
[26] O. Tsekoura, G. Rebel, P. Glosek & M. Berekovic, An evaluation of energy efficient microcontrollers, 9th International Symposium on Reconfigurable and Communication-Centric Systems-on-Chip (ReCoSoC), Added to IEEE Xplore, ISBN:978-1-4799-5810-8, INSPEC Accession Number: 14468919, 2014, doi: 10.1109/ReCoSoC.2014.6861368
[27] H. Wu, C. Chen, K. Weng, An Energy-Efficient Strategy for Microcontrollers, MDPI Journals, Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 6, 2021, doi: 10.3390/app11062581
[28] B. Baker, The power behind battery power: less than you think, EDN Electronic Design Network, AspenCore Network, 2003. https://www.edn.com/the-power-behind-battery-power-less-than-you-think/
[29] Van Damme, M., Clarisse, L., Whitburn, S., Hadji-Lazaro, J., Hurtmans, D., Clerbaux, C., and Coheur, P.-F.: Industrial and Agricultural Ammonia Point Sources Exposed, Nature, 564, 99–103, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0747-1, 2018
[30] Mokbis Yamina, Talem Manar Hdjer, Rahal Farid, Evaluation de la pollution par l’ammoniac dans la region d’Arzew, University of Sciences and Technology of Oran – Mohamed Boudiaf, Faculty of chemistry, Master, July 2022
[31] N. Evangeliou et al.: 10-year satellite-constrained fluxes of ammonia improve performance of chemistry transport models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4431–4451, 23 March 2021, doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4431-2021
[32] Z. Luo et al.: Estimating global ammonia (NH3) emissions based on IASI observations from 2008 to 2018, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10375–10388, 12 August 2022, doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10375-2022
[33] Bruce E. Dumdei, Robert J. O'Brien, Toluene degradation products in simulated atmospheric conditions, Nature 311, 248–250, 20 September 1984, doi.org/10.1038/311248a0
[34] B. Zheng et al.: Global atmospheric carbon monoxide budget 2000–2017 inferred from multi-species atmospheric inversions, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1411–1436, 18 September 2019, doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1411-2019
[35] Mason Inman, Carbon is forever, Nature Climate Change 1, 156–158, 20 November 2008,
doi.org/10.1038/climate.2008.122
[36] Ilissa B. Ocko, Steven P. Hamburg, Climate consequences of hydrogen emissions, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22, 9349–9368, 20 July 2022, doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9349-2022, 2022.
[37] Widiana, D. R., You, S. J., Yang, H. H., Tsai, J. H., & Wang, Y. F. (2017), Source apportionment of air pollution and characteristics of volatile organic compounds in a municipal wastewater treatment plant, North Taiwan. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17(11), 2878-2890, doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2017.09.0317
[38] Rim-Rukeh, A. (2014), An assessment of the contribution of municipal solid waste dump sites fire to atmospheric pollution, Open Journal of Air Pollution, 3(03), 53, doi.org/10.4236/ojap.2014.33006
[39] Rui Wang, Da Pan, Xuehui Guo, Kang Sun, Lieven Clarisse, Martin Van Damme, Pierre-François Coheur, Cathy Clerbaux, Melissa Puchalski, and Mark A. Zondlo, Bridging the spatial gaps of the Ammonia Monitoring Network using satellite ammonia measurements, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-190, 2023
[40] Warner, J. X., Wei, Z., Larrabee Strow, L., Dickerson, R. R., and Nowak, J. B., The global tropospheric ammonia distribution as seen in the 13-year AIRS measurement record, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5467–5479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp16-5467-2016, 2016
[41] Martin Van Damme et al, Global, regional and national trends of atmospheric ammonia derived from a decadal (2008–2018) satellite record, Environmental Research Letters, May 06th, 2021, Vol.16, N°5, 055017,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd5e0
[42] The European Space Agency, Satellite sensor maps global atmospheric ammonia emissions, 07/07/2009,
https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Satellite_sensor_maps_global_atmospheric_ammonia_emissions
[43] Schiferl, L. D., Heald, C. L., Damme, M. van, Clarisse, L., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P., Nowak, J. B., Neuman, J. A., Herndon, S. C., Roscioli, J. R., and Eilerman, S. J, Interannual variability of ammonia concentrations over the United States : sources and implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12305–12328, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12305-2016, 2016